childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
extreme sadist; very sadistic
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
waste; scrap; garbage; scum; piece of trash; loser
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
feeling; sense; impression
abusive language; violent language; wild words
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
almost every day; almost daily
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
senior high school; high school
entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
blockhead; dunce; dimwit; dolt; slowcoach; slowpoke
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)