indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
small point; knob; protuberance; aloneness; loneliness; solitude
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
aloneness; loneliness; solitude
abbreviation; omission; outline; gist; plan; strategy
really; very; extremely; (not) anything; (not) at all; (not) a bit
to hate; to dislike; to loathe
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
(just) making sure; just to be sure; just in case; for caution's sake
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
sensation; feeling; tendency; propensity
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
meaning; significance; sense
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
in short; in a nutshell; in a word; to cut a long story short
slander; bad-mouthing; abuse; insult; speaking ill (of)
it is assuredly (that)...; can say with confidence that it is...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sad; wretched; deplorable