term-end exam; end-of-term test; finals
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
3rd day of the month; three days
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
evening meal; dinner; supper
dishwashing; doing dishes
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to grow cold; to get chilly; to cool down
tea (esp. green or barley); tea break; teatime; tea ceremony
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
living; lifestyle; living room
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
cushion; cushion (to soften the blow); mitigation
seiza; kneeling with the tops of the feet flat on the floor, and sitting on the soles
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); the underlying principles of the cosmos (in neo-Confucianism)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to behave; to conduct oneself; to act; to treat (someone) to (food or drink); to entertain (e.g. to lunch)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
meal (e.g. lunch, dinner); diet
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
almost; nearly; hardly; barely; large majority; large proportion
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm