backdoor; rear entrance; rear exit; unauthorized; illicit; illegal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thought; consideration; thinking
to dive (into or under water); to get under; to get into; to hide oneself (esp. from the government); to conceal oneself
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
surfacing; rising to the surface; emerging; leaping into prominence; rising (of rank)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
torii; Shinto shrine archway
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to grow up; to become an adult; to become big; to grow in size
understood; I see; OK; present; here
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
fort; fortress; stronghold; fortification
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)