indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of); during (war, occupation, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to pass (of time); to elapse
one day; (on) a certain day
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
formal; official; regular; proper; legal; due (formalities)
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
caller; visitor; company; guest
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to let pass; to allow through; to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to connect (e.g. two places)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
polite; courteous; civil; careful; close; thorough
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
feeling (much) obliged; being (very) grateful; feeling sorry (for troubling someone); feeling ashamed (e.g. of an error); (arch.) shrinking back in fear
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living