there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
nerve; nerves; sensitivity
strangeness; abnormality; disorder
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cause; to induce; to bring about a result or state; to produce
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
different (quality, nature); heterogeneous
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
several people; a few people
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
to bend down; to bow down; to prostrate oneself; to hide oneself
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)