that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
belonging; ascription; attribution; reversion; return; restoration
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
of course; certainly; naturally
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late