waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
birth; creation; formation
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
rhyme; lime (tree, fruit) (Citrus aurantifolia); lime (mineral)
guardian; protector; patron; parent
all present; all concerned; all of us
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot; considerate; kind; genial
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to watch over; to watch attentively
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
that day; the very same day
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto; my spouse
workshop; studio; atelier
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
participation; joining; entry; adherence
in order to do; for the purpose of doing
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
honorific/polite/humble prefix
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
suffix for familiar person
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
brimming with health (vigor, vigour); full of vitality; full of health
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to smile broadly; to grin widely
while; during; while; although; all; both
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
something or other; one thing or another; this or that