indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
very young; little; childish; immature
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to freeze (to something); to be frozen (to); to freeze hard; to freeze completely
skylight; dormer; transom; dormer window
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
attendant; person who looks after one's needs; caretaker
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
headgear (esp. one made of cloth); hood; kerchief; tokin (headgear worn by yamabushi)
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
shabby; unsightly; unkempt
shape; form; appearance; style; state; situation
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to shun; to avoid; to ostracize; to neglect; to distance oneself from; to give the hard shoulder
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly