indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
very young; little; childish; immature
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to freeze to; to be frozen to; to freeze in place; to be still
skylight; dormer; transom; dormer window
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
attendant; person who looks after one's needs; caretaker
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
family; members of a family
to shun; to avoid; to ostracize; to neglect; to distance oneself from; to give the hard shoulder
in comparison to; rather than
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly