indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
blank form; sheets of paper; sheet of paper
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
metal plate; metallic plate
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
bonze; monk; monk's dwelling; boy; son; I; me
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
grace; favor; favour; blessing; benefit
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
not limited to; not just ...
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
ceremony; rite; ritual; service
participation; joining; entry; adherence
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
antiquity; the previous era
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back