indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to connect (with a different flight, train, etc.); to make a connection; to change (planes, trains, etc.)
class-B; B class; B grade; second rate
search; lookup; hunt; (item of) research; exploration; investigation
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
Nagano prefecture (Chūbu area)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
traveling expenses; travelling expenses; carfare
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hotel charge; lodging expense
association; society; organization; organisation
application; request; petition
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
provision; supply; payment; allowance; grant
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
journey; trip; travels; during the journey; on the way; while travelling
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
six; six years of age; six o'clock (old time system)
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
to face; to go towards; to head towards
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
personnel; members; lineup (of a team); announcement of next day's match-ups
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
Yamanashi (city, prefecture); wild nashi (Pyrus pyrifolia var. pyrifolia); wild Japanese pear
monk; priest; sangha (the Buddhist community)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
itinerant Buddhist monk; practitioner of Shugendō
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to