indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
family; members of a family
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to recommend; to endorse (e.g. a candidate); to infer (from); to deduce; to think (something) through; to ponder deeply
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
oral; verbal; spoken; parol
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to put on clothes; to wear clothes; to be the personification of
crossing; passage; importing; import; wandering; wanderer; migration
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
consequence; outcome; result; blame
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result