indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
one's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
abundant (grain) crop; good harvest
such ... as; or some such
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to move (to another area, country, etc.); to migrate
god; deity; god-tier; incredible; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
celebration (of a joyous occasion); blessing; giving one's blessing; blessing (from God)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to digest; to break down; to break to pieces; to be able to use; to be good at; to finish; to complete
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
stormy and full of drama; full of ups and downs; with many vicissitudes
antiquity; the previous era
to take all things together; to include everything; to take account of everything