indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
abundant (grain) crop; good harvest
such ... as; or some such
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change one's place of residence; to migrate; to move
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to digest; to break down; to break to pieces; to be able to use; to be good at; to finish; to complete
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
bachelorhood; single; unmarried; celibate
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
stormy and full of drama; many drastic events in the course of events; full of ups and downs; with many vicissitudes
antiquity; the previous era
to take all things together; to include everything; to take account of everything