coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
time; hour; period; class
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
kitchen; financial situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
carrot (Daucus carota); Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng)
potato (Solanum tuberosum)
copper pheasant (Syrmaticus soemmerringii); mountain bird
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
cabbage (Brassica oleracea)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
otome game; dating simulation game with a female protagonist and male love interests
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
antiquity; the previous era
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
seasoning; flavoring; flavouring; condiment
sesame seeds; sesame (Sesamum indicum)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
royal capital; imperial capital
miso; fermented condiment usu. made from soybeans; innards (from crabs, shrimps, etc.) resembling miso; key (main) point; good part (of something); weakling
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o