today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
second month of the lunar calendar; February
unfortunately; sorry, but ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
preparation; arrangements
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
how many years; how long; what year
way; manner; (for) the first time in (e.g. ten years); after ...; ...-sized; amount (equivalent to ...)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
kitchen; financial situation; finances
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
difficult to ...; hard to ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
myself; yourself; I; me; you
making a round trip; going and returning; round-trip ticket; return ticket; correspondence; exchanging (of letters)
while; during; while; although; all; both