indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
control (of a machine, device, etc.); control (over an opponent, one's emotions, etc.); governing; management
range (of a rifle, missile, etc.)
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
atmosphere; air; magnanimity; generosity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
to begin shooting; to shoot out
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
time; hour; period; class
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering