Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
type of candy given to a child after it wakes up from a nap; wake-up sweets
please (give me); please (do for me)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
educational institution; school; academy; campus
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
considerably; fairly; quite
time; hour; period; class
to pass (of time); to elapse
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to become familiar with; to fit in; to adapt oneself; to get used to; to grow accustomed to
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
study; diligence; discount; reduction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
repeating a year (at school); staying in the same class for another year
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
form; shape; figure; visage
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
academic year; school year; year in school; grade in school
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...