indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
marks; points; score; number of items; number of articles
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
absolute pitch; perfect pitch
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
cloth; bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
light; faint; pale; fleeting
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
wasteland; wilderness; abandoned land; devastated land
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
posture; pose; position; attitude; approach; stance
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state