rucksack; knapsack; backpack
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
clasp; latch; catch; fastener
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
motorcycle; motorbike; bicycle
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
chief vassal; senior statesman
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
old-timer; veteran; senior; old stump; old roots