indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
birth; creation; formation
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
episode; side story; story within a story; aside; anecdote
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
magician; wizard; sorcerer; witch
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
labyrinth; maze; mystery; dungeon
reign; being on the throne
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
(please) try to; (please) look; seeing; looking
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
(present) head of a family
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
baron; Irish cobbler (variety of potato)