what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
in comparison to; rather than
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
creation; Creation (by God)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difficulty; hardship; trouble; infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even if; (it doesn't matter) whether (A or B or ...); whatever; should
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
great (quantity, amount, etc.); huge; enormous; serious
time; hour; period; class
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
labour; labor; effort; toil; trouble
to need; to demand; to take; to require
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to add (one thing to another); to add (a few more words, an explanation, etc.)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
carelessly; thoughtlessly; inadvertently
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
settlement (of affairs); remedial measures; cleaning up afterwards
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
quite a chore; not that easy; fairly difficult
to fail; to blunder; to make a mess; to drink up; to eat up
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more