here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
royal capital; imperial capital
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
side; flank; profile; aspect; dimension
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
it is no exaggeration to say; it is not too much to say
poverty; penury; need; shortage; lack; want
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
rogue; thug; hoodlum; punk; racketeer
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
job; work; duties; trade; skill
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
-like; pseudo-; comical character who mocks or apes the main character (in Japanese performing arts); (arch.) criticism; (arch.) censure
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be entwined; to be involved
to swing; to wield (physically); to exercise (e.g. power, ability); to exhibit; to flourish; to prosper
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to walk about; to walk around; to conduct oneself; to turn up; to brawl (in a play, etc.)
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to learn; to acquire knowledge; to carry; to wear (clothes, etc.); to put on
to subsist; to keep on living
lawless area; lawless district
brute; beast; monster; inhuman person; ungrateful person
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
danger; peril; hazard; risk