Lydia (Iron Age kingdom of Asia Minor)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
corridor; hallway; passageway
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
to stop walking; to pause
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
dropping out of school; withdrawal from school; expulsion from school; dismissal; leaving school (university, etc.) after completing a course
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
management crisis (of a business); financial difficulty
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to run out of; to dry up; to be depleted; to hit the bottom; to bottom out
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what's the best thing to do?; what to do?
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to