Lydia (Iron Age kingdom of Asia Minor)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
corridor; hallway; passageway
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be surprised; to be astonished
to stop walking; to pause
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
dropping out of school; withdrawing from school; expulsion from school; dismissal; leaving school (university, etc.) after completing a course
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to run out of; to dry up; to be depleted; to hit the bottom; to bottom out
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
letter; missive; note; mail
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what's the best thing to do?; what to do?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state