just before; just prior to; right in front of; just in front of
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
payment default; overdue on a payment
by means of; due to; because of; according to
dropping out of school; withdrawal from school; expulsion from school; dismissal; leaving school (university, etc.) after completing a course
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
Lydia (Iron Age kingdom of Asia Minor)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
promotion (school, military, etc.)
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryō system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
gait; walk; stride; trace (e.g. of route taken by hunted criminal); track; trail
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
breast; chest; pit of the stomach; solar plexus; epigastrium
to dance (orig. a hopping dance); to be manipulated; to dance to someone's tune
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
support; backing; aid; assistance
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
professor; teaching; instruction
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to give (as a gift); to present; to confer; to bestow; to award
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
reserve; constraint; declining; refraining; forethought; foresight
to be needed; to be necessary; to be required; to be wanted; to need; to want
parental love; parental affection
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)