indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take someone along; to be accompanied (by)
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
military affairs; military service
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation
control; management (e.g. of a business)
royal castle; imperial castle
large building; building with a long roof; counter for buildings, apartments, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
armed might; military power; the sword; force
(abstract) symbol; emblem; representation
solid; strong; sturdy; durable; stout
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
observation; survey; watching
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
back; rear; background; behind the scenes
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
while; during; while; although; all; both
(looking around) restlessly; (looking) all around; goggling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to look around; to survey
guidance; leadership; leading the way
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation
sword skills; swordsmanship
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have