(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
leaves turning red (in autumn); red leaves; autumn colours; fall colors
to blow (of autumn wind); to fall out of love
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
royal castle; imperial castle
corner; section; one horn; pillar (of a group, system, etc.); member (of an organization, etc.); first corner
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
training range; training grounds; training area
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
two times; twice; two degrees
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
guest seating (e.g. theater, stadium); passenger seat (e.g. taxi); audience
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
not only ... (but also); not merely; as well as; furthermore; besides; moreover
castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to crowd (a house); to throng to (a door)
eagerly (waiting); (waiting) impatiently
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
participation; joining; entry
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
official recognition; official approval; certification; authorization; authorisation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence