indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
back; rear; background; behind the scenes
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to take someone along; to be accompanied (by)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
curl; curly hair; ringlet
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
beautiful face; good looks; beauty
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
ill-natured; mean; nasty; sadistic; cruel; mean-spirited
to float; to set afloat; to show on one's face (smile, sadness, etc.); to recall; to call to mind
honorific/polite/humble prefix
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to sound shrill (of a voice); to sound high-pitched and excited; to get excited; to become restless; to be thrown too high; to come in high
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
old-fashioned; ancient-looking; time-worn