indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
duty; function; office; mission; task
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
without losing time (e.g. to do); without even time for (doing something)
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
order of chivalry; chivalric order
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
applicant; candidate; person interested in doing something; person wanting to do something; interested party; volunteer
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
due form; official; formality
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
after-treatment; post-treatment; post-processing; dealing with the aftermath
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Christopher; Cristofer; Kristoffer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
close associate; close aide; brains-truster
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
curse; spell; malediction
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
taking (a suspect to the police); dragging (someone) away
true character; true heart; true spirit