indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
duty; function; office; mission; task; role
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
without losing time (e.g. to do); without even time for (doing something)
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of; serving (in the military, congress, etc.)
order of chivalry; chivalric order
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
applicant; candidate; person interested in doing something; person wanting to do something; interested party; volunteer
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (minor penalty in judo)
formal; official; regular; proper; legal; due (formalities)
schedule; program; calendar
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
after-treatment; post-treatment; post-processing; dealing with the aftermath
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Christopher; Cristofer; Kristoffer
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
close aide (of a powerful person); close associate; entourage; attendant; retainer
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
curse; spell; malediction
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
taking (a suspect to the police); dragging (someone) away
true character; true heart; true spirit