indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
such; this sort of; like this
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to speak frankly; to put things bluntly
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
feigned innocence or naivete; beguiling innocence; wolf in sheep's clothing
surroundings; environs; circumference
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
way; course; the only way
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
admirable; commendable; praiseworthy; laudable; brave; heroic
kind; tender-hearted; compassionate
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
mercy; compassion; clemency; Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (Cuculus fugax); Horsfield's hawk cuckoo
lump; mass; group; crowd; embodiment (of an idea, quality, feeling etc.); personification
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
direction; district; area; field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
low-life; sleazebag; boor; person of humble rank; humble person; peasant
enumeration; citation; listing
already; now; no longer; not any more
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
fraud; swindle; graft; saying you're going to do something but in the end not doing it; making promises without keeping them
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!