indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
then; and (then); in that case; if so
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
unshapely; ill-formed; misshapen; awkward; clumsy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
as a child; when one was a child
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to repeat; to do over again
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively