pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
as far as the eye can see
fields (of rice and other crops)
figure of a person; figures of people; shadow of a person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
sparse; thin; scattered; straggling; sporadic
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
to strain one's eyes; to look closely; to stare at
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
one large ...; a great ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do