indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good-looking; fair; beautiful
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
apron; apron (airport); apron (stage)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
confections; sweets; candy; cake
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
kitchen; financial situation
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hang over; to shroud; to enshroud; to envelop; to screen
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
highly priced; expensive; valuable; costly
it is not possible (to, that); there is no such thing as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
saucepan; pot; stew; hot pot
to boil down; to concentrate (soup, milk, stock, etc.); to reach a conclusion; to conclude a discussion
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
bitter (flavor); bitter (type of beer)
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)