today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
field of flowers; flower garden; flower bed
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
little-known good place; good out-of-the-way place; well-kept secret place; hole-in-the-wall
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one sweep (of the eye); sweeping view; unbroken view
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
while; during; while; although; all; both
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
time; hour; period; class
and; thereupon; because of that
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding