today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
participation; joining; entry; adherence
holiday; day off; furlough; absence (from work)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
cheerfully; buoyantly; happily; in high spirits
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
everyday; always; at all times; frequently
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to create (an atmosphere, feeling, etc.); to produce; to engender
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
female friend; woman friend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
time; hour; period; class
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to discern (e.g. right from wrong); to discriminate; to distinguish; to know (manners, one's place, etc.); to understand; to bear in mind
moderate; reserved; conservative; humble; mild-mannered; self-effacing
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
make-up; making food (in a delivery-only restaurant); cooking
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)