indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
long ago; a long time ago; already
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; (the) hour; favourable time; opportunity; chance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
surroundings; environs; circumference
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bizarre; strange; eccentric; odd; queer
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to light (a candle, lamp, etc.); to turn on (a light)
courtyard; quadrangle; middle court
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
torch (made of pine, bamboo, reed, etc.); flambeau; torchlight
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
lady attendant; lady's maid; waiting maid
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
court lady; lady-in-waiting
such ... as; or some such
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
ridge (of roof); back of a sword; counter for buildings, apartments, etc.
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to collect; to assemble; to gather
going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
from the start; from the beginning; from the outset