indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sigh (of grief, disappointment, etc.); grieving; lamenting; deploring
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
curse; spell; malediction
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
front-facing; forward-looking; positive; constructive
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to open one's eyes wide (in astonishment, wonder, etc.); to be wide-eyed; to be amazed
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
time; hour; period; class
to try and do something; to attempt to do something
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to abate; to decrease; to diminish; to shorten
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
there's no other way; there are no other options; there are no alternative means
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
serious; earnest; real sword (as opposed to a wooden practice weapon)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family