chair; seat; stool; post; position; seat
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
receiving; getting; eating; drinking; please (give me; do for me)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
first words said (e.g. when meeting someone); first thing out of one's mouth; first speech; inaugural address; first tone (in Chinese); level tone
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
selfish; egoist; (arch.) self-indulgent; (arch.) wilful; (arch.) willful
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
tension; strain; tensions (between countries, groups, etc.); tonus; muscle tone
expression; look; countenance; face
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
(physical) form; shape; visage; (facial) features; form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); (resultant) state
reception room; parlor; parlour
to jump out; to leap out; to appear (suddenly); to emerge; to protrude; to project
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
considerably; fairly; quite; rather; pretty
hard to please; difficult; particular; bad-tempered; in a bad mood; displeased
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
really; truly; indeed; good grief
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix