indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
disposition; temperament; nature; mentality; spirit; character
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
university student; college student
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
contribution (to a newspaper, magazine, etc.); submission; post (on a blog, social media, etc.)
site (usu. website); sight; payable on sight
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one's own work; making by oneself
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
originally; by nature; from the start
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
having a fetish for ...; specializing in ...; (arch.) first; (arch.) foremost; (arch.) doing as one pleases; (arch.) acting selfishly
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
match (contest); to match with; to go well with
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
what is to be done?; what should (I) do?; what (am I) to do?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be worried; to be troubled
to think of; to hit upon; to come into one's mind; to remember; to recall
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
by myself; in person; by oneself
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
simple and clear; plain and simple
simple is best; less is more
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
writing; composition; essay; sentence
to begin (emphatically); to launch; to embark on
until now; so far; up to the present