penalty; sentence; punishment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
time; hour; period; class
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
meeting; greeting; welcome
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
myself; yourself; I; me; you
place of execution; execution site
to take someone (to some place); to take someone along; to lead someone away
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
right beside; close to; nearby
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
lady attendant; lady's maid; waiting maid
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
prison; jail; gaol; firm; solid; strong
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during