indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
environment; circumstance
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
on countless occasions; many a time
(shrine) repository or treasure house; (shrine) sanctuary
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to avert one's eyes; to avoid looking straight at something; to cover one's eyes
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
waterfall; (arch.) rapids
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
describing; comparing; form; figure; personal appearance; one's face and figure
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
terrific; fierce; terrible; tremendous; dreadful; awful
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to throw violently against; to slam against; to strike; to thrust at someone (e.g. a letter)
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
weather forecast; weather report
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
leaving one's own house (e.g. when going to war); departure; setting out; starting a new life; starting life anew
to curse; to put a curse on; to detest intensely
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
measuring container; measure; box (seating at a theatre, etc.); square on a grid; cell of a grid; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar)