if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
parting; separation; farewell
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
herbal medicine prepared from dried earthworms
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
name; given name; first name
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
feeling; sense; impression
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to that extent; accordingly; that being the case; that state; that condition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment
amount of money; sum of money