indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
just before; just prior to; right in front of; just in front of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to light (a candle, lamp, etc.); to turn on (a light)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
don't you think?; indicates question
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to stay on; to remain; to hold out; to stop (doing); to give up
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
company; lot; people; troupe; company (of musicians)
great joy; delight; jubilation
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!