cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to struggle in the water; to sink below the surface and become unable to breathe; to (nearly) drown; to indulge in; to lose one's head over something; to be addicted
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
innumerable; countless; numberless
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
sharp pain; acute pain; intense pain
to torment; to torture; to harass
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to choke; to be choked by; to be stifled by
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
strong wind; high wind; moderate gale
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
awfully; frightfully; desperately; violently; unduly; extremely
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
solitude; loneliness; isolation
transmission (e.g. news, chemical signals, electricity); communication; delivery; conveyance; transfer; relay
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
gas; vapour; vapor; gaseous body
to disturb; to prevent; to obstruct; to hinder
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous