indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
name; given name; first name
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
the front; honesty; uprightness; decency; normality
senior high school; high school
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold