contributing cause; exciting cause; incentive; motive
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
conferring of decorations
to rule; to govern; to administer
vague; ambiguous; shady; disreputable; fuzzy
bitter enemies in the same boat; rivals finding themselves together by chance
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
reigning; controlling; dictating
second; number two; runner-up
(relative) merits; superiority or inferiority; quality
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
polite; respectful; reverent
residence; abode; dwelling
to take the form (of); to assume a shape
to install (a king, emperor, etc.); to appoint (to a post); to promote; to assign (to study under)
to manage; to settle; to dispose of; to deal with; to arrange
security guarantee (e.g. military security, network security, etc.)
in turns; in series; in number order; by rotation
to catch one's breath; to gulp; to have one's breath taken away; to gasp
to bring near; to bring close; to let go near; to associate with; to bring (people) together; to let come near (of a person)
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
southern part; the south (of a region)
feudal estate; daimiate; fief; feoff; fee
eagerly; earnestly; assiduously; diligently; wholeheartedly
fullness; completion; enhancement; improvement; replenishment; repletion
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
foreign enemy; outside invader
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
smelling burnt; smelling scorched; smelling of gunpowder (i.e. as if armed conflict is about to break out); tense; suspicious; dubious
neighboring countries; surrounding countries
in conflict; incompatible; out of harmony; running counter; mutually exclusive; clashing with
new land; new world; new sphere of activity
one's principles and position
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
that country; (arch.) nirvana
business region; marketing area; commercial sphere; trading area; region in which a business operates
encouragement; promotion; inducement; incitement; stimulation