Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
head; lead; vanguard; first
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
branch; bough; limb; twig; sprig; spray
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
insufficiency; deficiency; shortage; dissatisfaction; discontent; complaint
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rod; pole; neck (of a shamisen, etc.); shamisen; beam (i.e. the crossbar of a balance); single line (esp. as a flying formation for geese); penis
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
to be found; to be discovered
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
to do for (the sake of someone else)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...