indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
South Korea; Republic of Korea; Korean Empire (1897-1910)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Tsushima (former province located on Tsushima Island in present-day Nagasaki Prefecture); Tsushima (island)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Island; insula; island; islet
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
archipelago; group of islands
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
president (of a nation); big man; boss; buddy
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
war; fighting; fierce competition