year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if it is the case that ...
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
government service; the bureaucracy
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
white horse; unrefined sake
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
the rest; the others; in addition (to that); besides that; and so forth; and the like
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
trend; tendency; movement; attitude
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
supremacy (over a nation); hegemony; domination; championship; victory
gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control; mastery; ascendancy
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
northern sea; North Sea; Hokkaido
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question