prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
saltpeter; saltpetre; niter; nitre; potassium nitrate
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
gun; wooden pole that wrestlers strike in practice; puffer fish
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
memorization; memorisation; learning by heart
enthusiast; mania; enthusiasm
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
marginal village; depopulated village where most inhabitants are senior citizens
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
land made arable by the slash-and-burn method; swidden; slash-and-burn farming
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
ancestral; hereditary; generation after generation; passing from father to son
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
terraced fields; terraced farm
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to get dark; to grow dark; to end (of a day, year, season, etc.); to come to an end; to be sunk in (e.g. despair); to be lost in (e.g. thought)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing