is that so? (generally rhetorical)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
taking a commemorative photo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
now; the present time; just now; another; more
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
existence or nonexistence; presence or absence; consent or refusal; yes or no
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
of course; certainly; naturally
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
doer; performer; protagonist (in noh or kyogen); hero; speculator (in trading)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to shed tears; to (begin to) cry
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)